Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, itching, and redness. It often appears in childhood but can develop at any age. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, along with an overactive immune response. People with eczema often have a family history of allergies or asthma, and their skin may not effectively retain moisture, making it more vulnerable to irritants and allergens. Symptoms of Eczema Symptoms can vary in severity and may include: Dry, Itchy Skin: Persistent itching, especially at night, is a common symptom. Red or Brownish Patches: Commonly found on hands, feet, wrists, ankles, neck, upper chest, and on the inside of the elbows and knees. Thickened, Scaly Skin: Prolonged scratching and irritation can lead to thickened, cracked, or scaly skin patches. Small, Raised Bumps: These can ooze fluid and crust over when scratched. Swelling and Sensitivity: Inflammation from eczema can make the skin more sensitive to touch and susceptible to infections. Common Triggers for Eczema Eczema can flare up due to several triggers, including: Irritants: Soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, and juices from fresh fruits, meats, or vegetables. Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mold. Stress: Emotional stress can worsen eczema symptoms. Climate: Dry skin can worsen in cold weather, while heat and humidity can trigger flare-ups. Management and Treatment Eczema is often managed with moisturizing creams, topical corticosteroids, avoiding triggers, and sometimes antihistamines for itchiness. For more severe cases, prescription treatments like immunosuppressants, phototherapy, or biologic drugs may be used. Managing stress and practicing gentle skincare can also help reduce flare-ups.
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