Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, though it can also occur in men. It develops when cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Here’s a comprehensive overview of breast cancer:

Types of Breast Cancer

1. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive cancer where cells inside the ducts of the breast have turned into cancer cells but have not spread to surrounding breast tissue.
2. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, where cancer cells have spread beyond the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue.
3. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Cancer that begins in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and spreads to nearby tissues.
4. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A subtype that does not have estrogen or progesterone receptors and does not overexpress the HER2 protein. It is often more aggressive and difficult to treat.
5. HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A type of breast cancer that tests positive for a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which promotes cancer cell growth.
6. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A rare and aggressive form that causes the breast to become red, swollen, and warm.

Risk Factors

• Genetic Factors: Mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the risk.
• Family History: A family history of breast cancer can increase the risk.
• Age: The risk increases with age.
• Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can contribute to higher risk.
• Lifestyle Factors: Alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity can increase the risk.