Stuttering (also known as stammering) is a speech disorder that affects the fluency of speech. A person who stutters knows what they want to say, but has difficulty producing the words smoothly.
Main Features of Stuttering
People who stutter may: Repeat sounds, syllables, or words (e.g., “b-b-b-ball”) Prolong sounds (e.g., “ssssun”) Have speech blocks, where they are unable to produce any sound for a few moments
Secondary Behaviors
Sometimes, physical or emotional reactions accompany stuttering, such as: Eye blinking, facial tension, or lip tremors Avoiding certain words or speaking situations Anxiety or frustration about talking
Causes
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but stuttering often involves: Genetic factors (runs in families) Neurological differences in how the brain processes speech Developmental factors (common in young children learning language) Environmental or emotional stress, which can worsen symptoms
Types
Developmental stuttering – Most common; appears in early childhood. Neurogenic stuttering – Caused by brain injury or stroke. Psychogenic stuttering – Linked to emotional trauma or stress (rare).
Treatment
While there’s no single “cure,” many effective approaches help manage stuttering: Speech therapy to improve fluency and communication confidence Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to manage anxiety and self-esteem Electronic fluency devices that alter how a person hears their വോയിസ്
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